Arm and Forearm Pain

Volar Flexor Tenosynovitis

Inflammation of the tendon sheaths of the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus tendons in the palm is extremely comment but often unrecognized.

The diagnosis is made by palpation and identification of localized tenderness and swellin of volar tendon sheaths. Often a nodule composed of fibrous tissue can be palpated in the palm just proximal to the MCP joint on the volar side. The nodule interferes with normal tendon gliding and cause triggering or locking.

Treatment: injection of a long-acting steroid into the tendon sheth might relieve the symptom.

Ulnocarpal impaction syndrome :

Ulnocarpal impaction syndrome is characterized by pain in the ulnar side (the side by the little finger) of the wrist due to pinching of the tissues between the bones of the ulnar side of
the wrist. This often occurs in people who have an ulna that is longer than the radius. The ulna pinches against the bones and soft tissues of the hand and wrist and causes degeneration of
the triangular fibrocartilage (a meniscus-like cartilage). Eventually the cartilage that lines the bone may wear away, degenerate, or tear, causing increased wrist pain. Common Signs and Symptoms
    Pain and tenderness around the ulnar side of the wrist
    Pain that is worse with bending the wrist toward the little finger side or with heavy activity, such as push-ups 
    Occasionally, clicking of the wrist
    Uncommonly, swelling of the wrist 
    Pain with gripping or grasping
Causes
An ulna that is longer than the radius bone at the wrist causes pinching of the triangular fibrocartilage between the end of the ulna and the hand bones. This results in degeneration
of the triangular fibrocartilage and eventual wearing out of the articular cartilage that lines the ulna and the hand bones. Risk Increases With
   Sports that require repetitive wrist and hand motion (rowing, tennis, hockey, golf, pole vault, and baseball)
   Sports that cause loading at the hand and wrist, such as gymnastics, shot put, weightlifting, and cycling 
   Poor physical conditioning (strength and flexibility)
   Improper sports mechanics

Preventive Measures

   Appropriately warm up and stretch before practice and competition. 
   Maintain appropriate conditioning:
   Arm, forearm, and wrist flexibility
   Muscle strength and endurance
   Use proper sports technique. 
   Functional braces may be effective in preventing injury, especially re-injury, by reducing  forceful bending of the wrist toward the little finger side.

Expected Outcome

This condition is often treatable with nonoperative management, although surgery may be required to alleviate symptoms.
People who have had ulnocarpal impaction syndrome are prone to recurrence. If surgery is required to shorten the ulna, the athlete may not be able to return to athletic competition.