Psychological Methods used to manage pain

There are examples of psychological   intervention used to manage pain.
1. Patient  education: Provision of  information about disease and  interventions and methods of assessing and managing  pain . We teach patients  about  what may aggravate and relieve pain . How to use  analgesic and give patient instruction for physical activities and exercise.
2. Contingency management: We help patient to change behaviors by using  of  social reinforcers to increase" well behavior"  i.e. exercise , non-medical  conversation ) and decrease " sick role" behavior.
3. Cognitive therapy and behavioral  techniques:  There are two  major  cognitive  therapy techniques ( e.g .,  attention diversion )  and  behavioral  techniques ( e. g. relaxation, assertiveness training);  Cognitive restructuring and  coping skill training  can  help pateint alter their perceptions or labeling  of pain ( i.e; decrease negative  thoughts, emotions, and believes), increase sense of control , and decrease  maladaptive  behaviors.
4. Cognitive  restructuring:  Patients  are taught to monitor and evaluate negative thoughts. The goal is  to generate more accurate and adaptive  thoughts to deal with chronic pain.
5. Coping skills training;  include relaxation and imagery techniques, adaptive  coping  self statements and group  psychotherapy.  Directed at helping  pateints  to develop skills to manage pain and stress.
6. Relaxation with  imagery: Includes progressive muscle relaxation, imagery, visualization, and meditation. Relacation decreases  patient's focus on pain, muscle tension, and autonomic  and emotional aroudal ; imagery provides a competing cognitive focus, which  can block  the perception of pain.  It is the most common  used non-pharmacologic treatments for pain   that can increase focus on feelings of well-being as well as  diminish tension, anxiety, depression, and pain-related inactivity.
7. Hyponosis: